Agência Minas Gerais | Centros de Triagem e Reabilitação contribuem, dia a dia, com a conservação da fauna silvestre em Minas

Em um amplo espaço, um macaco da espécie bugio, recolhido no Sul de Minas, em 2023, observa com tranquilidade a atividade de outros animais ao redor, como araras, tucanos e iguanas. Ao mesmo tempo, uma siriema é alimentada por uma equipe formada por veterinários, biólogos e cuidadores. Esta é a rotina dos Centros de Triagem e Reabilitação de Animais Silvestres (Cetras), estruturas essenciais no recebimento, reabilitação e soltura da fauna silvestre.

Presentes em cinco cidades de diferentes regiões de Minas, os Cetras recebem animais oriundos de apreensões, além de entregas voluntárias de pessoas que mantêm animais ilegalmente e se arrependem, e de espécies recolhidas, seja em área urbana ou em estradas. 

Os profissionais também tratam de filhotes e animais feridos recolhidos pela população. São milhares de animais recebidos, reabilitados e devolvidos à natureza anualmente.

“Nossa estrutura é uma forma de conservação, é para onde virão os animais e serão atendidos, criados e recuperados para poder voltar novamente à natureza para desempenhar as funções ecológicas que eles desempenham normalmente”, explicou a médica-veterinária do Instituto Estadual de Florestas (IEF), Érika Procópio.

Cidades

Além da capital Belo Horizonte, há estruturas do Cetras instaladas em Juiz de Fora e Montes Claros. Estas três possuem gestão compartilhada entre o IEF e o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama). 

Já outras duas, localizadas em Divinópolis e Patos de Minas, são geridas exclusivamente pelo Governo de Minas. Há, ainda, mais unidades a serem entregues à população nos próximos anos.

“Chegaremos a dez Cetras nos próximos anos. Essa é uma importante ação desenvolvida pelo Governo de Minas para fazer com que a causa animal tenha cada vez mais e melhores cuidados e que a gente possa agir para a melhoria da qualidade da biodiversidade no estado”, afirmou o diretor-geral do IEF, Breno Lasmar.

Recuperação e reabilitação

Quando um animal dá entrada nos Cetras, seja por apreensão, entrega voluntária ou por recolhimento, ele é avaliado por veterinários e biólogos. Uma avaliação clínica, física e comportamental é feita e, após a primeira etapa, o animal recebe uma marcação. A partir da triagem, a equipe poderá saber se o referido animal poderá avançar para uma etapa de reabilitação ou se precisará passar por outro tipo de tratamento.

“Esse processo é variado e depende de indivíduo para indivíduo, do tempo em que esse animal estava em cativeiro ou dos ferimentos que esse animal apresenta quando chega. Pode variar entre semanas até anos”, explica Érika Procópio.

Ela detalha ainda que não é possível ter uma estimativa exata de quanto tempo o animal vai ficar no Cetras, o que depende muito da avaliação inicial e do êxito que o animal terá durante o processo de reabilitação.

Histórias

Há casos marcantes que ficaram na história dos Cetras, como o dos filhotes de tamanduás recuperados ainda na barriga da mãe, vítima fatal de um atropelamento. Neste caso, a equipe recebeu o corpo da mãe e retirou os filhotes ainda com vida.

Nos dias seguintes, eles receberam a amamentação e ensino sobre como ser um animal selvagem. O saldo foi positivo, como relatou Érika.

“Temos um projeto no IEF que é o de soltura com monitoramento. Teve um dos animais que cuidamos desde filhote, fizemos o processo de reabilitação, soltamos na natureza e esse filhote que virou adulta teve um filhote na natureza”, conta. 

É um caso bem marcante, ressalta ela, pois o animal passou por várias etapas, desde filhote, cuidado inicial e reabilitação, até conseguir se estabelecer na natureza e reproduzir.

Animais com sequelas permanentes ou com outras características que impeçam o retorno à natureza são encaminhados para locais devidamente autorizados, conforme a legislação vigente.

Áreas de soltura

Já os animais reabilitados pelo Cetras são soltos, prioritariamente, nas Áreas de Soltura de Animais Silvestres (ASAs). 

São áreas particulares, que as pessoas colocam à disposição para receber os animais e ajudar nas ações de conservação. 

Para inscrever uma propriedade rural como Área de Soltura de Animais Silvestres junto ao IEF é necessário certificar-se de que possui condições de implantar o viveiro de aclimatação com no mínimo 24m² de área construída e de fornecer alimentação diária aos animais, entre outras exigências.

A médica veterinária explica que a pessoa interessada entra em contato com o IEF por um link no site. A partir desse link, será feito o georreferenciamento da área e avaliadas as respectivas potencialidades. 

“Depois disso, a gente faz uma vistoria no local para ver se é uma área adequada e solicita a construção de um viveiro de aclimatação, onde os animais ficarão um período no pré-soltura para se recuperarem da viagem e se adaptarem ao ambiente”, descreve.

As taxas de soltura de animais recebidos no Cetras BH, por exemplo, são em torno de 60% a 65%.

Para mais informações sobre as Áreas de Soltura, clique aqui.

Origem dos animais

Os animais silvestres dão entrada em unidades do Cetras principalmente apreendidos pelos órgãos de segurança pública, como a Polícia Militar do Meio Ambiente. Em maioria, são vítimas do tráfico. Mas eles também podem ser recolhidos pelos órgãos públicos nos ambientes rurais e urbanos e ainda podem ser entregues de maneira voluntária pela população.

O índice de animais que chegam até o Cetras de Belo Horizonte por meio de apreensão é de 70%, de acordo com a médica-veterinária do IEF. A estrutura da capital mineira, inclusive, é a que mais recebe animais em todo o estado. Foram cerca de 3,6 mil somente em 2023, sendo que as cinco unidades, juntas, recepcionaram 9,7 mil animais no ano passado.

Entre as espécies que estão no topo da lista de apreensão, estão pássaros como o trinca-ferro e o canário chapinha, além de papagaios e araras. 

Geralmente, estes animais são transportados em pequenas caixas dentro de porta-malas de veículos. “Cada recuperação de animais que chegam muito feridos é uma grande vitória para nós”, resumiu Érika Procópio.

Entrega voluntária

Caso o responsável não queira mais permanecer com seu animal, ele poderá entregá-lo nos Cetras ou passá-lo a outra pessoa mediante termo de transferência acompanhado dos documentos de origem, conforme legislação vigente.

Já o animal silvestre ou exótico obtido irregularmente não pode ser regularizado. A única opção é a entrega voluntária aos órgãos ambientais. 

Neste caso, conforme Decreto Federal 6.514, de 2008, e Decreto Estadual nº 47.383, de 2018, a entrega voluntária isenta o cidadão de qualquer penalidade e ele sequer é obrigado a se identificar no momento da transferência do animal ao Cetras.

“É uma forma de ela se regularizar perante a sociedade e não ficar com um animal ilegal e incorrendo às sanções administrativas e criminais se esse animal for apreendido”, disse a médica veterinária do IEF.

A Lei Federal 9.605, de fevereiro de 1998, também conhecida como Lei de Crimes Ambientais, prevê detenção de seis meses a um ano e multa para quem capturar, vender e ter depósito de fauna silvestre sem autorização ambiental (art. 29). Já para quem introduz fauna exótica (art. 31), multa e detenção de três meses a um ano.

Outra punição é prevista no Decreto Federal 6.514, de 2008, com multa de R$ 500 por indivíduo com espécie não constante de listas oficiais de risco ou ameaçadas de extinção, e R$ 5 mil por indivíduo de espécie constante nas listas oficiais de fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção, inclusive na relação da Convenção sobre o Comércio Internacional das Espécies da Flora e Fauna Selvagens Ameaçadas de Extinção (Cites).

Para quem introduz e mantém a guarda de espécie da fauna exótica, a multa é de R$ 2 mil. Será acrescido a cada espécie excedente o valor de R$ 200, nas ocasiões em que o animal não estiver em listas oficiais de espécies em risco ou ameaçadas de extinção. Quando o animal constar nas listas oficiais, inclusive na Cites, o acréscimo será de R$ 5 mil por indivíduo.

Em Minas Gerais, as punições estão previstas no Decreto nº 47.383, de março de 2018. 

O que fazer quando encontrar um animal silvestre

Afinal, o que fazer caso se deparar com um animal silvestre dentro de cidades ou em estradas? 

O primeiro passo é ter cuidado, uma vez que por mais manso que o animal possa parecer, ele tem um instinto e vai tentar se defender, caso se sinta acuado. Portanto, a principal dica é que seja feito o contato com a Polícia Militar de Meio Ambiente, Corpo de Bombeiros ou IEF, para que o recolhimento do animal seja feito até o Cetras mais próximo.

Em Minas, um caso que marcou foi registrado em 2019, quando uma onça-pintada foi flagrada nas ruas de Juiz de Fora. 

Então, foi feito um trabalho em conjunto entre o IEF, Ibama e Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) para que fosse feita a captura do animal. Após a ação ter sido concluída, a onça foi realocada para o Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, onde foi acompanhada por vários especialistas.

“Neste caso era um animal de vida livre e que estava em busca de um novo território e se deparou com um centro urbano. Isso acontece e é comum. À medida que os animais vão perdendo o habitat deles, eles tentam explorar um novo território e, ocasionalmente, entram em centros urbanos”, concluiu Érika Procópio.

130 pensou em “Agência Minas Gerais | Centros de Triagem e Reabilitação contribuem, dia a dia, com a conservação da fauna silvestre em Minas

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